Violence Suffered by Natives of Kashmiris Essay - 2870 Words

Cycles of Violence: The impact of human rights violation on Kashmiris-with special reference to Women and Children RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The objective of this paper is to study the impact of the constant cycles of violence suffered by the original natives of Kashmir, with special reference to Kashmiri women and children. This paper is descriptive and analytical in nature with historical references. The paper is based on both primary research-in the form of interviews of the refugees (in Delhi and Jammu) and firsthand accounts- and secondary research material (including books, web pages, periodicals, newsletter etc) duly cited as footnotes on each page. Cycles of violence: The impact of human†¦show more content†¦Mrs Dhanwanti Mattoo2, a septuagenarian lucky enough to have seen 3 generations growing up in front of her can still not help but shudder convulsively and cry in pain while recounting the fate of Kashmiri Pandits at the time of the partition. [Translated in English] ‘Those were cold times, dark, cold times. Ha! Not as if it is any better now. (In 1947) Amidst cross firing and blasts in Baramulla district, we were running bare feet, me and my younger brother. I stopped when I heard a loud cacophonic noise numbing my eardrum, turning to see a man shredded into piece and lying next to him on six feet of red ground, my brother-with his body torn open and his intestines touching the ground, not ready to part from his body, not ready to sewer its ties, shamelessly hanging there, afraid of losing its identity-like its brethren of Kashmir. I look at him, transfixed. In a few seconds I decide to not let his body be defiled any further, I bend down and hold his torso with one hand, shove in his intestines and lungs back into his body with the other, tie him up with my Duppatta, hoist him on my shoulders and run from there.’ __________________________________________________________________________ 1. Wailing Kashmir: Dr Satish Ganju, HOD PG Dept History, Graduate College [GDNU], Refugees in their own country: Fact-India 2. PrimaryShow MoreRelated Kashmir ; A lost paradise Essay3104 Words   |  13 PagesKashmir can push them to the brink of annihilation. Fifty years of animosity have built up as a result. A proxy war still brews in Kashmir, claiming dozens of lives every day, running up a casualty total over time into the hundred thousands. Kashmiris have suffered untold horrors and Kashmir has the notorious reputation of being one of the world’s most dangerous flashpoints. Pakistan and India both believe they have valid claims on Kashmir. If looked at logically and ethically, only Pakistan’s claimRead MoreInternal Threats to Pakistan10157 Words   |  41 Pagesindependence saw Islam in a liberal perspective. The West Pakistanis considered Islam as an integrating force and the main reason for independence.[4] The differences between East and West Pakistan, the 1953 religious frictions and the recent sectarian violence are all part of a tragic story, which continue to haunt Pakistan. c. Linguistic Differences. Pakistanis, in 1947, spoke as many as six different languages and each of which was roughly identified with one of the geographical areas of theRead MoreBusiness Environment of Pre-British India13645 Words   |  55 PagesThe King acted as a guardian of his people and worked for their welfare. The Kings were not autocratic in their approach, and gave their people freedom to self-govern. The Rig Veda has many references to wars. This struggle for supremacy over the natives of the region resulted in the conquest of Northern India by the Aryans. The Kings and kshatriyas fought from chariots. Alliances were common. (King Sudas of the Tritsu tribe in alliance with the Bharatas, won a complete victory over an alliance ofRead MoreHistory of Pakistan18783 Words   |  76 Pagesthe Aligarh college into a first rate institution. Syed Ahmad launched his educational movement by setting up Gulshan School at Muradabad - 1859; Victoria School at Gazipur in 1863; Scientific Society for the translation of English works in the native language, Urdu, at Aligarh in 1864; Aligarh Institute Gazette imparting information on history - ancient and modern, science of agriculture, natural sciences, physical sciences and Advanced Mathematics in 1866; Committee Striving for the Educational

Critique of Stanley Milgram’s “Behavioral Study of Obedience”

A Critique of Stanley Milgram’s â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience† Stanley MIlgram is a Yale University social psychologist who wrote â€Å"Behavioral Study of Obedience†, an article which granted him many awards and is now considered a landmark. In this piece, he evaluates the extent to which a participant is willing to conform to an authority figure who commands him to execute acts that conflict with his moral beliefs. Milgram discovers that the majority of participants do obey to authority. In this research, the subjects are misled because they are part of a learning experience that is not about what they are told. This experiment was appropriate despite this. Throughout the process, subjects are exposed to various signs that show them†¦show more content†¦Before Milgram’s findings, the fact that people were inclined to obey to authority figures was already realized. He just confirmed this belief. Milgram followed effective steps by using precise procedures. He made sure that the experiment reflected features of an ac tual situation in which a person would obey to an authority figure: offering compensation (monetary reward in this experiment), being under pressure (Prods 1 to 4 in this case), and mentioning that the person who obeys can withdraw. These features can also be seen in a situation where a soldier is commanded to fire, for instance. A soldier will get a monetary compensation, is under pressure to obey because he chose to be part of the military, and he knows that he can resign at any time. Milgram created an experiment so precise and detailed that more than enough evidence was demonstrated. In this experiment, subjects are explained that this is â€Å"a ‘learning experiment’ to ... study the effects of punishment on memory† (4). Yet, the real intention here is to measure the participants’ compliance towards the experimenter. This controversy is unethical as subjects are volunteering for a cause that does not exist. They are misled since they are not exposed t o the real purpose of this study. Nevertheless, this experiment was appropriate. Throughout the process, participants are exposed to various indications about the intensity of the experiment. If the question aboutShow MoreRelatedInvestigating The Nature Of Obedience1678 Words   |  7 Pages Investigating the Nature of Obedience Stanley Milgram managed to conduct the experiment that revealed the distinct features of the members of our society. He questioned how millions of ordinary people in Germany could obey the immoral commands of the Nazi government and provided the study exploring the mechanisms of human obedience to authorities. Though Milgram’s experiment has provoked a huge amount of criticism, the analysis of internal and external validityRead MoreThe Theory Of Psychology And Psychology859 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout long history of psychology, there are many brilliant and remarkable psychologists who grew psychology longing as 21st century, today. They have contributed many theories, ideas, and experiments that made study of human mind and behavior much more noble and interesting. As psychology grow older and older, there are many different types of branches that were created, such as psychoanalysis, behavior, cognitive, evolutionary, and developmental. Each branches have changed way so ciety worksRead MoreSocial Identity Theory And Fees Must Fall Protests Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing the â€Å"trend† of the group. If majority of the group wants to do something, but one individual does not, the individual will go along with the group in order to protect identity as a member of the group. 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Baumrind work on research design, socialization, moral development, and professional ethics is unified by her belied that individual’s rights and responsibilitiesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization

The Study of Divorce, Abuse and Bipolar Disorder free essay sample

A research paper examining psychosocial and environmental factors of Bipolar Disorder, focusing on the consequences of divorce and sexual abuse on 17 year old adolescents. The following paper does not focus on cause and effect factors of bipolar disorder, it simply explores the prevalence of specific environmental or psychosocial variables concerning bipolar diagnosed children and adolescents. The specific variables that are focused upon and extracted from a mental health database are the occurrences of parental divorce and physical/sexual abuse in the history of the bipolar diagnosed child or adolescent. These three variables are examined by the frequency in which they have been documented in the mental health computer records of individuals that are chosen to be used in the study. The following research is not generalizable to a larger population because it simply analyzes content of a census study within a small, specific population at one particular mental health center In terms of broader implications to this research, interest could be sparked for more research in the areas of divorce, physical, and sexual abuse that may be more generalizable to the child and adolescent bipolar population in America. We will write a custom essay sample on The Study of Divorce, Abuse and Bipolar Disorder or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These finding can only be generalized to the specific population utilized in this particular study, which is a limitation of the study. Other limitations are also involved with this study. As stated earlier, the data collected in this study was from initial intake sessions with clients. Clients may be reluctant to admit abuse in an initial session, while the therapist may be reluctant to ask the client these personal questions or simply forget to ask these questions.

Thomas Hobbes, naturaslista o pos i tivista Essays -

Thomas Hobbes, naturaslista o pos i tivista? Uno de los aspectos mas controvertidos de la obra del filosofo ingles Thomas Hobbes es quizas la dificultad que representa poder definir su posicion con respecto a las dos corrientes de la filosofia juridica mas relevantes de la modernidad; el iusnaturalismo y el iuspositivismo. Varios autores, como Howard Werrender (ex profesor de la universidad de Oxfod, quien dedico gran parte de su trabajo al estudio de los textos de Hobbes) ven en su obra un seguimiento de la tradicion naturalista pues fundamenta el origen y justificacion del poder politico de manera similar a como lo hicieron los autores de este movimiento del siglo XIII. Por otro lado, algunos otros, como Micheal Oakeshott (profesor de Ciencia Politica en London School of Economics and Political Sciences y reconocido filosofo politico), rescatan la idea hobbesiana de considerar al poder como fundamento de la ley y parten de ahi para proclamarle como el padre del iuspositivismo (Oakeshott, 2000). Sin embargo, para poder clasificar a Hobbes en alguna de estas dos doctrinas primero debemos definirlas, entender sus posiciones y sus argumentos. Partiremos con la corriente iusantuaralista. Esta es supremamente antigua, se remonta a la tradicional discusion entre Aristoteles y los sofistas sobre como distinguir entre aquello que esta determinado por la naturaleza y es eterno (physis) de aquello que surge a partir de las convenciones sociales y que regula la sociedad, que es totalmente mutable y dinamico (nomos); aun asi se ha mantenido vigente gracias a los exponentes mas actuales del siglo XVII y XVIII. Sus autores basan la existencia de un poder politico en una serie de derechos naturales preexistentes al Estado pero no solo son anteriores a la conformacion de una administracion sino que tambien "se diferencian del derecho positivo e inclusive son superiores a este puesto que surgen de una naturaleza divina o racional (dependiendo del autor) que determina lo justo y lo valido en terminos universales, esto es, con independencia de los dictados particulares de cada Estado" (Bobbio, 1991: 836-837). Para el iusnaturalismo, el derecho natural existe independientemente del elemento volitivo humano o de las consideraciones del Estado, por el contrario existe per se debido a que proviene de la naturaleza humana y esta naturaleza es la que determina el contenido de esos derechos que resultan universalmente validos, indistintamente del reconocimiento que les otorgue el derecho positivo. Afirman, ademas, que el derecho es valido no porque lo haya creado un legislador que estaba autorizado para ese fin o porque tenga su origen en alguna de las consideradas fuentes formales, sino "por la bondad o justicia intrinsecas de su contenido" (Garcia Maynez, 1968: 128) y su declarada "validez universal" radica en que cualquier ser humano que haga uso de su razon puede distinguir entre lo bueno y lo malo, lo justo y lo injusto. Resumidamente, el iusnaturalismo defiende la presencia de un derecho trascendente (inmutable en el tiempo y uniforme en el espacio) y anterior al derecho positivo. Vale hac er la salvedad que, tradicionalmente, se ha considerado al derecho natural como un limite para el derecho positivo y califica de injusto a todo aquel derecho estatuido por la autoridad que vaya en contravia de los intereses del derecho natural. Ahora procederemos a analizar los aspectos basicos del positivismo. El termino "positivismo" fue utilizado por primera vez por el filosofo Augusto Compe para designar la corriente que, segun el, habia iniciado. Sostiene que el derecho solo es valido cuando ha sido la expresion de la voluntad soberana, es decir, que ha sido expedida por el legislador que ha sido especialmente autorizado para ese fin y, como bien lo explica Garcia Maynez, que "el derecho positivo, por el simple hecho de su positividad, esto es, de emanar de una voluntad soberana, es justo" (Garcia Maynez, 1968: 12). El derecho emana de un procedimiento formal. Igualmente, asegura que este no es mas que el resultado de un proceso historico determinado por el tiempo y espacio del surgimiento de cada Estado, por lo tanto resulta imposible concebir la idea de unos preceptos universalmente validos. El derecho positivo encuentra su fundamento de validez unicamente en procedimientos previamente establecidos por el Estado, por eso, decimos que es un derecho meramente formal puesto que no